| Textbook Health Physics, Chapter 2: The World of Atoms |
Per Hedemann Jensen et al., DD |
September 15, 2010 |
Summary. Provides a historical overview of the atomic concept and explains the structure and physics of atoms, elements and isotopes, as well as chemical reactions and the different phases of substances. |
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| Textbook Health Physics, Chapter 3: Spontaneous Nuclear Transformations |
Per Hedemann Jensen et al., DD |
September 15, 2010 |
This section explains the concept of radioactivity and describes the various decay modes of radioactive atomic nuclei. Furthermore, radioactive decay is described mathematically, including decay chains, and the nuclide chart is reviewed in detail. |
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| The textbook Health Physics, Chapter 4: Interaction of Ionizing Radiation with Matter |
Per Hedemann Jensen et al., DD |
September 15, 2010 |
This section describes how ionizing radiation interacts with all matter. Various types of ionizing radiation are detailed. The interaction and energy transfer of these radiation types with matter are elucidated through the concept of interaction cross-section, which also defines the range and attenuation of radiation in matter. The formation of bremsstrahlung and characteristic X-rays is also described. |
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| The textbook Health Physics, Chapter 5: Radiation Fields and Radiation Doses |
Per Hedemann Jensen et al., DD |
September 15, 2010 |
Summary. This section explains the fundamental dose concepts and the radiation physics underlying the quantities fluence, kerma, and absorbed dose. The biological effects of different radiation types and the varying radiation sensitivity of tissues are reviewed to explain the concepts of equivalent dose and effective dose. Risk factors for stochastic effects, as well as operational dose quantities and dose conversion factors, are also discussed. |
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| The textbook Health Physics, Chapter 6: External and Internal Radiation Doses |
Per Hedemann Jensen et al., DD |
September 15, 2010 |
This section describes radiation doses from both external and internal exposure. External and internal radiation doses resulting from presence in radiation fields and from the intake of radioactive substances through inhalation or food are explained. Excretion and retention functions are reviewed for determining internal doses through measurements of excreted radioactive substances in excreta and retained radioactive substances in the body. |
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| The textbook Health Physics, Chapter 7: The Human Radiation Environment |
Per Hedemann Jensen et al., DD |
September 15, 2010 |
Summary. This section describes the naturally occurring and man-made radiation environment in Denmark and explains the radiation doses resulting from exposure to both. Naturally occurring radiation sources include cosmic radiation, terrestrial radiation, and radioactive substances within the human body. Man-made radiation sources include, among others, medical irradiation, industrial irradiation, and consumer products. |
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| The textbook Health Physics, Chapter 8: Biological Effects of Radiation |
Per Hedemann Jensen et al., DD |
September 15, 2010 |
Radiation damage at the cellular level is reviewed as a background for describing stochastic and deterministic radiation injuries. The intake of radioactive substances that can lead to deterministic injuries, and the treatment of deterministic radiation injuries and internal contamination, are described. Risk factors for both stochastic and deterministic injuries are reviewed. |
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| Health Physics Textbook, Chapter 9: The System of Radiation Protection |
Per Hedemann Jensen et al., DD |
September 15, 2010 |
Summary. This chapter covers the principles of radiation protection as outlined in the International Commission on Radiological Protection's (ICRP) latest general recommendations from 2007. The system encompasses rules for protection across three exposure situations: planned exposure, existing exposure, and emergency exposure. Furthermore, EU directives on radiation protection and relevant Danish regulations are reviewed. |
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| Health Physics Textbook, Chapter 10: Radiation Shielding |
Per Hedemann Jensen et al., DD |
September 15, 2010 |
This chapter describes the fundamental physical principles of shielding against various types of radiation. The range of particle radiation in different substances is reviewed, and concepts such as half-value layer and attenuation factors for neutron and gamma radiation in various materials are explained. |
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| Health Physics Textbook, Chapter 11: Radiological Occupational Health |
Per Hedemann Jensen et al., DD |
September 15, 2010 |
This chapter describes the legislative and organizational requirements for radiological safety work, including the rationale for classifying work areas, rules for working in classified areas, and the duties and role of the health physics assistant in radiological occupational health. |
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